What are my chances of survival if I use a 16H rim for a rear wheel?
If it's a Shimano Sweet-16 on a solo bike, you will die (but from causes unrelated to your wheel) before the wheel does. Same goes for original 16-spoke Campag Shamal, Shimano WH-7700 or Rolf TdF6. In short, it's perfectly possible to make reliable 16-spoke rear wheels, but since you're even asking, the chances are that your plan isn't as well considered as an integral design as the wheels I've mentioned.
If it's a Shimano Sweet-16 on a solo bike, you will die (but from causes unrelated to your wheel) before the wheel does. Same goes for original 16-spoke Campag Shamal, Shimano WH-7700 or Rolf TdF6. In short, it's perfectly possible to make reliable 16-spoke rear wheels, but since you're even asking, the chances are that your plan isn't as well considered as an integral design as the wheels I've mentioned.