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out of date and unaware of traffic
Current Trainspotters come with a SIM for OTA map updates, but agreed that hooking your own phone to the built in screen is the optimum. There will be a cubby hole to put your phone in, so no need for a holder. If it's a new van you shouldn't need a cable for the connection, but you'll want to use one anyway for charging as running navigation and a wireless screen mirror burns through your battery pretty fast
No, take your own (I just use a cheap sucker type one) and, as tester suggests, a USB cable.
Whilst many Zipcars/vans will have SatNav built in it's often way out of date and unaware of traffic. Last time I tried to use it it tried to direct me over the Hammersmith Bridge that has been shut for 3 years. Google maps works twelfty times better as long as you have something to mount it to to comply with the law.