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Don’t know what you mean by studs. Mid-20th century stuff. Shoes were/are made to accept cleats that slot/grip the rear plate of pedals with toeclips. Cleats that you choose the exact position of, to a degree given size, pedal and toeclip length, by ‘nailing’ them into a midsole surface that will hold the nails (they’re like push-in screws with a very loose spiral grip thread). Think my midsole on these shoes is a very thick footbed of leather, with perhaps a wooden shank I’m not sure.
spd x 3
acg mtb 90s?
sidi doms
chrome mid top caj ones
2x adidas eddy merckx cleated things for tarck
Reynolds ‘touring’ can have nail-ons but never bothered
Faves for flats are some Haglofs approach shoes and some vans chukkas.