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Here's a new 5 speed.
They offer a 14-24 which your mech might be able to cope with. The TdF doesn't really like anything over 22 teeth, but I think your JUY 51, because of its different jockey cage, would probably manage 24.
Nearly all the screw on blocks offered now have at least 28 tooth bottom - which seems to assume the purchasers are are bunch of wimps!
I can't check my own stock atm, but I may well have a spare 14-18. Sadly, I'm unlikely to be able now to cope with an 18 bottom anywhere apart from Regent's Park.
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"the freewheel packed up" well, is there any way that a slipping pawl could have cause the problems that you have had ??
I (almost) always remove freewheels using the "destructive" method, as in removing the front plate, taking off the cogs, pawls and balls. Then removing the body using Stilsons and bolts wedged where the pawls would be. The problem is that the 2 tooth block remover, as shown often breaks, or breaks the body, before the threads give. It also gives a good opportunity to clean, examine, rebuild the freewheel mechanism.
From here, the inner plates of that chain look to be too close for the teeth on the block !?
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Looking at this pic: https://www.lfgss.com/comments/15166084/
Did you try swinging the derailleur much further forwards to get more chain wrap? As you have it in the pic, the chain isn’t engaging with much of the cog. My feeling is the jockey wheel needs to pull up really close to the cog.
Also, I think you want an older style chain like a plain-sided 5/6 speed chain with no ramps or a 3/32” SS chain.
It looks fine but unfortunately it has made no difference at all, the chain is still not engaging with the freewheel properly and to top it off while I was out on a test run earlier the freewheel packed up completely and I had no drive at all.
So I had to walk home albeit not far.
I'm now on the hunt for a freewheel, 5 speed.
I'm going to wait for something decent though as I've been stung before buying second hand freewheels that look great on the outside but totally knackered within.
@clubman it would be great to hear about these bikes being raced back in the day, perhaps a couple of photos too.