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Yep. Not all at once - can still see all the pixels, just maybe not full screen (i.e. the player will extend beyond your screen resolution so you need to drag it around with a non Retina machine). I'm not using a 2010 but that should be more than capable. When I'm on location I bring a 2013 retina 13inch with no fancy upgrades apart from the ssd - literally bog standard base unit and I can easily do simple edits. Renders may be a bit longer and playing back 8k redcode footage is a bit of a struggle! But it does the job. Especially if you set preview quality on your NLE (i.e. Premiere) down.
You'll be able to edit on just about anything. Playback is the only thing that may struggle but 4K shouldn't be a problem so long as the files are local (I find even via Thunderbolt playing back 4k, from an FS7 for example, is very stuttery compared to storing locally).
I edit HD and 4k to HD Pro Res on a 2010 i7 macbook pro with 16gb ram and SSD.
I also use Photoshop for heavy layer tasks and illustrator too sometimes and its fine, keep saying I'm gonna upgrade but will when it finally dies.