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Well, Catalan has been around for much longer obviously but the whole counter-culture thing that I witnessed felt very much something that had emerged out of the Franquismo. The Catalan Renaixenca didn't really gather momentum until the second half of the 19th C, and while the makers of modern catalanisme have made much of the period, the extent to which Catalan nationalism was a 'real thing' before the Civil War was still contested back at the turn of the millennium. Since the end of the Franquismo, though, the Catalan authorities have made a real effort to shore up the identity, and very successfully so.
Hmm. Interesting. That's different from some of the chats I have had with previous colleagues in Barcelona. But I haven't spent the time there that you clearly have so my grasp may lack your nuance.