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He was cleared because there was no evidence of doping. He'd been using a Doctor known as 'Doctor Ozone', who used a technique where blood is extracted, mixed with ozone, then re-infused. It's not really considered doping, quackery is probably the best description of the practice. Anyway, the anti-doping arm of the Belgian federation recommended Van Avermaet get a two year ban, but had no evidence to back this up so he was acquitted.
Yeah it was odd, I didn't look into the details but his own federation argued for a two year ban and all his 2012 results stricken, then all of a sudden he was acquitted. Anyone know more?