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The distance between the bolts, usually measured as the bolt circle diameter or bcd, determine what size rings you can use. The other factor is availability, i.e. who produces what chainrings to match the bcd your cranks have.
Most front derailleurs can handle a variance of 16 teeth between the outer and inner rings.
Added: FWIW, I think the smallest chainring you can get for 110 bcd cranks is 33 teeth.
Hi everyone,
N00b question on road doubles. So common chainring combos are 53/39, 52/38, 50/34 and 'cyclocross' 46/36. Some manufacturers would also use 48/34 (came stock on my AWOL for example). Here's the question - what defines which combo can or cannot be used? I'm thinking of using double with 34/32 inner and would like to understand if 46/44/42 can be used as an outer?
Thanks