Are there theoretical models or are such things pure measurement?
Measurement is best, modelling air flow over wire spoked wheels is not easy. Imagine modelling a helicopter rotor, then turn it on its side right next to the ground and add a rim which messes with the air flow before it gets to the 'blades'. That makes the helicopter simple in comparison with just one side of a wheel, yet AFAIK western helicopter engineers modelled helicopter rotors and decided that an 8-blade single rotor could not work effectively. It took a Ukrainian to prove them wrong :-)
Measurement is best, modelling air flow over wire spoked wheels is not easy. Imagine modelling a helicopter rotor, then turn it on its side right next to the ground and add a rim which messes with the air flow before it gets to the 'blades'. That makes the helicopter simple in comparison with just one side of a wheel, yet AFAIK western helicopter engineers modelled helicopter rotors and decided that an 8-blade single rotor could not work effectively. It took a Ukrainian to prove them wrong :-)