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a wider tyre will use more material, and therefore be heavier, which affects acceleration
Do the maths if you think that's really relevant, but the great thing about wider rims is that you can still use your 23C tyres and they ride and handle better than 25C tyres on narrow rims, at about the same total weight. Also, in many cases, your aeros will be better with a rim about the same width as the tyre.
http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/03/bikes-and-tech/technical-faq/tech-faq-seriously-wider-tires-have-lower-rolling-resistance-than-their-narrower-brethren_209268