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There's three of 'em (well, four if you count the a7 ii).
A7s = 12mp, silent shutter, stoopid high iso, full sensor read-out for video, 4k, blah blah...
A7 = 24mp, good all-rounder.
A7ii = same sensor as A7 but with better AF, ergonomics (shutter button is where it should be) and most importantly, in-body image stabilisation for any lens you mount on it, no matter who its made by. Just select the focal length and it'll adjust itself accordingly.
A7r = 36mp monster. There are some caveats - it has an incredibly loud shutter that has also been blamed for shutter shake.
Also, if you're picking between one of these and a D800, Sony use compression on their RAW files. They're sampled down from 14 to 11 bit and you may see artefacts in high-contrast areas. Its really not a big deal because they still destroy anything from Canon but a D800 will give you uncompressed, 200mb 14 bit files, if you so wish. And better battery life.
Mate bought an a7s the other day which is pretty nuts actually, didn't even know about the a7r really. I'll have a read
ta