The advantage of a quill stem is that you can raise it up and down without needing to adjust the headset.
The disadvantages (on the whole) are:
heavier
less stiff
less secure compared to say a 4 bolt system (but probably more secure from a security POV)
lack of front loading ability (usually) so swapping bars is harder
usually 1" and therefore limit modern fork choices and upgrades, as well as being less stiff
no oversized (31.8mm) option therefore limiting any bar choices - pretty much all style of bars come in a OS variant.
... I think that's most of them.
Oh yeah and cost. Nice quality quill stems are generally IME expensive whereas you seem to be able to get decent last season type aheads at a discount. Equally you can get cheap ones that seem to function better than cheap quills. I'm sure someone will disagree with this though.
Have a look here: https://www.lfgss.com/thread9085.html
Re quills:
The advantage of a quill stem is that you can raise it up and down without needing to adjust the headset.
The disadvantages (on the whole) are:
... I think that's most of them.
Oh yeah and cost. Nice quality quill stems are generally IME expensive whereas you seem to be able to get decent last season type aheads at a discount. Equally you can get cheap ones that seem to function better than cheap quills. I'm sure someone will disagree with this though.