The funny narrowed or stepped ferrule (far right) should be for rear mech to stop on the chainstay for older bikes. There might be a few different sizes though, or if your frame has been painted, powder coated or chromed the coating could be reducing the size of the opening in the cable stop.
Given the image you posted I'd say you has gear ferrules and brake outer cable.
When fitting the brake outer the only place you should really need to use ferrules* would be where the outer cables stops at the cable guide on the front of the top-tube and then where it starts again at the cable guide at the rear of the top tube. Many calipers won't accept ferrules so don't worry about that.
*This is presuming you are using aero (ie under the tape) brake cable routing. If you are using older levers with non aero routing you might want to fit a ferrule on the lever end of the brake outer.
If you cannot get a ferrule to fit the rear mech cable stop you can just use a standard ferrule, forget about fitting it into the stop, just butt it up against and secure the outer cable to the chainstay behind the stop with a ziptie or tape.
The funny narrowed or stepped ferrule (far right) should be for rear mech to stop on the chainstay for older bikes. There might be a few different sizes though, or if your frame has been painted, powder coated or chromed the coating could be reducing the size of the opening in the cable stop.
Given the image you posted I'd say you has gear ferrules and brake outer cable.
When fitting the brake outer the only place you should really need to use ferrules* would be where the outer cables stops at the cable guide on the front of the top-tube and then where it starts again at the cable guide at the rear of the top tube. Many calipers won't accept ferrules so don't worry about that.
*This is presuming you are using aero (ie under the tape) brake cable routing. If you are using older levers with non aero routing you might want to fit a ferrule on the lever end of the brake outer.
If you cannot get a ferrule to fit the rear mech cable stop you can just use a standard ferrule, forget about fitting it into the stop, just butt it up against and secure the outer cable to the chainstay behind the stop with a ziptie or tape.