Polo Rules

What's the appropriate penalty for the second player ('goalie') not leaving the D within 2 seconds?

What is the call if an incoming (goalbound) shot hits the player as they leave the D when deemed to have fouled ie. been in the D longer than 2 seconds?

I guess it would be similar to if the ball hits a footdowned player, it's unfortunate but carry on?

Depends on the advantage lost. A delayed penalty may be enough.

If repeated, then I'd start giving powerplays in any case.

If a goal is stopped, I would give a penalty shot, but I don't think they are allowed under these rules, so a 30 second or 2 minute penalty.

Exactly the same would apply to a zombie footdown. If the attacking team shots against a player who is down, I would give a 2 minute penalty, so they can score.

True, I wasn't thinking deliberate obstruction, but as an unlawful 2nd keeper you are being pretty deliberate. A warning then 30 second penalty?

Deliberate is irrelevant, either they obstructed or they didn't. No warnings.