Completely Black Wheels

options as far as I can see them:

• brakeless fixed: Lots of people do this but personally I don't think it's safe, having the chain come off at high speed this one time inspired me to put a brake on all my bikes.
  
• coaster brake: requires horizontal dropouts and a tab for the arm to bolt on to. Not suited for a fast bike, at least not on its own. On a fast bike you want to install a front brake too.
  
• drum brakes: also require tabs but no need for horizontal dropouts. Swapping out the fork for one with a tab would be pretty easy. However it might be difficult to find a "performance" oriented fork with drum tabs.
  
• disc brakes: same pros and cons as drum brakes but better performance.
  
• rims with ceramic coated braking surcace: Mavic Open Pro ceramic come to mind. They have a ceramic coated braking surface that's designed to not wear. It's not pitch black, but close enough. Expensive though, and require dedicated braking shoes.