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@Mc_Nebula
You plainly have no idea. Please go away.
The flange is an important part of the adapter.
The flange sits on the outside of your 14mm dropout or track end. The tube has an outer diameter of ~14mm (just under) and an inside diameter of just over ~10mm. You slide the adapter over your 10mm axle, then into the 14mm dropouts. The flange enables you to tighten the nuts on your axles (rather important, I'm sure you agree) because a nut form a 10mm axle is considerably smaller than a nut from a 14mm axle. Thus, the 10mm nut will not be able to grip a dropout or trackend designed for 14mm nuts/axles.
These are required because many older frames have dropouts and ends for 14mm axles, whereas there is a trend with modern bikes to use 10mm.