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@hippy
Yep.
Quoting the Lord (that's Sheldon Brown to you folk):
The higher the air pressure, the less the tyre will deflect.
The trade-off with this is that if you pump the tyre up too hard, you lose the benefits of pneumatic tyres: the ride becomes excessively harsh, and traction will be reduced. In addition, extremely high pressures require a stronger (heavier) fabric and stronger (heavier) rim flanges.
Rolling resistance does decrease theoretically with any increase in pressure, but with modern, high-quality tyres the rolling resistance at correct inflation pressure is already so low that the infinitesimal reductions gained are more than outweighed by the trade-offs.
Like I said, 100-110psi in MY opinion is sweet for reasonable road tyres. I might bump it to 120 for a nice, dry, short course but not often.