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- The threads are rough at the microscopic scale
- Rotating the fastener causes the peaks and troughs to ride over one another
- This relative axial movement causes an acoustic excitation of the fastener
- The fastener acts as a band pass filter with a characteristic frequency dependent on the tension
- Following an intensive 11 year period of study at the Sorbonne Institute of Cycleacoustic Phenomena, kimmo is now able to hear this signal and determine the tension directly, irrespective of the tribological conditions.
- The threads are rough at the microscopic scale
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If you don't have Kimmo's level of qualifications and experience, you can always use an instrument to measure strain, which can then be converted into stress using Hooke's law
https://pieng.com/testing-overview/ultrasonic-torque-tension-testing/
https://ibt-usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ultrasonic-Measurement-of-Fasteners-Rev-6.pdf