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Thats pad printing, transferring ink from an etched block to the article.
Known in industry as Tampo Print.
We used to print the Scalextrix slot car bodies using this method.*
We developed different pad shapes, curved, 2 piece different hardness silicone to ensure the print did not become distorted when applying to a curved surface.
Print alignment when printing multi-colour was always a challenge.
*40 years ago.
In a later life, printed conductive inks onto a flexible substrate to make elements for heated car mirrors.
Dial printing was talked about on here a while back. Have just seen this, a nice video of one of the ways it’s done
https://www.instagram.com/reel/C9chEaxNorA/?igsh=MWJ6OHZqeHdjc2p4bw==