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At its most basic it's 4 bits of equal length (for a square frame, or 2x2 equal length for rectangular) with 45° cuts on the ends. The spline is the small bit of wood at the corner which adds strength (and decoration).
You probably need a channel cut at the back to seat some backing board, mount and glass.
I use a mitre saw, mitre cutter and router table.
moocher
How do you make a frame? What’s a spline when it’s at home?