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A Linux liveUSB (i.e. the simplest is an Ubuntu install USB but don't install)... and then
dd
.https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/easily-clone-restore-linux-disk-image-dd/
What you'll get is just a disk image that is restorable to another disk.
If you want to access the data, just save the data separately... I find a trivial way to do this is Syncthing for the folders I care about and just have it sent to a network... once sync'd, you may nuke the disconnect and then nuke the original hard drive.
I'm getting rid of a few old PCs so need to back up drives before wiping them. Any suggestions on easiest software to do this? Windows based or, I guess, a liveUSB.
Something where I can access the files in the backup would be good, even better if I could mount it and run as a virtual machine. Cheers