There is a compromise. You're only considering rolling resistance. 42mm tyres are significantly less aero than 23mm and this will be a not insignificant drag at higher speeds.
And if one's using aero rims, there's none optimized for such fat tyres.
Light Bicycle WG 44. It would be ~105% with a 38c tyre.
@snoops started
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And if one's using aero rims, there's none optimized for such fat tyres.