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Dunno really - lots of other factors involved, liner material, cast or forged pistons, etc. I'm fairly clueless, aside from a soupcon of knowledge on 2 strokes, which cool a much larger amount through the charge anyway. Head design, squish and porting wouldn't really change for an air or liquid cooled engine of similar output. You can go further on LQ though, more compression and timing before you get towards detonation, you can run leaner as well.
Air cooling can be incredibly effective though, Aluminium wicks heat like you can't believe. In theory it kind of doesn't matter that it gets hotter sat stuck in traffic. If everything expands at roughly the same rate, the important clearances are maintained. For 4 strokes, the head and underside of the piston are getting splash cooled by oil in the head and crankcases, cool charge coming in, and big time radiation through the cases and fins. The combustion temps are not hot enough to burn anything down anyway (or shouldn't be...)
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Jung
Mechanically I get how it works per se, more along the lines of being static kinda floors me a little in terms of engine design. Any difference to head and piston design in terms of rings and gaskets. Those temps consistently must get the oil pretty low in viscosity.