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Have you tried a google image search for alcove cupboards?
If you make a frame for inset doors you can use traditional hinges, otherwise modern cabinet hinges (kitchen cupboard type) will work with a pretty small gap to the wall. You can get overlay hinges.
On the styling side it seems to come down to victorian or modern, I would avoid floating if you want cupboards , plinth at skirting height suits modern or traditional and has a practical advantage of allowing you to level the base of the cupboard.
There are quick ways to make this kind of thing but making doors is the tricky bit if you want anything at all fancy.
Other outloud thoughts/questions I need to answer....