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So when I type define racism into a search bar, I get:
prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
Racial prejudice is racism. That's exactly what it means.
Yes, it's often used as a shorthand for the specific collection of prejudicial, discriminatory and antagonistic behaviours aimed at black Americans. That's not a great basis for telling someone the racism they suffer isn't really racism like the racism you suffer.
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My understanding has always been only black people can suffer racism
That's not my understanding. At all.
Also, Abbot's letter seem to base her argument on a scale of severity, not so much the traits of the target of racism/prejudice. If there was apartheid/segregation or slavery it would be racism. If not then prejudice.
My understanding has always been only black people can suffer racism, in the way only Jewish people can suffer antisemitism.
White people can suffer racial prejudice but not racism.