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I've largely settled on buying a studio AD/DA converter and then putting a small PC next to it.
This is similar to the solution I arrived at (I use a hifi DAC but otherwise similar logic), although yours is more elegant.
To me, it makes sense to separate the IT component from the audio components, otherwise you are building obsolesce into your audio kit which is undesirable IMO.
Ok, a DAC is basically IT kit but without an OS etc to worry about, they last. My Wyred4Sound USB DAC must be at least 15 years old and it's still 100% fit for purpose.
Otoh, I've been through a few music system laptops and one dedicated audio PC over the time I've had this set up.
Those are both excellent and closest to what I am seeking than anything else mentioned.
What I'm after...
The goal then is to obliterate the weakest link, being the Chromecast Audio.
Requirements:
Mostly the issue is that playback from a NAS file share is accompanied by crappy UI. Or it requires indexing of everything on the NAS which duplicates the fact that Plex has already done that.
Then the various vendors trying to crack this space focus on things I don't care about (multi-room), or are trying to make subscription services and forcing an internet connection, but worse is that their apps just aren't great — it's hard to love the apps, and the app is the tactile part of listening to music so I want to love the app.
I run Plex, I love Plexamp — so for me this has become a higher priority the more I see how bad the other things are.
Plex and Plexamp can run on a variety of things like Windows, Mac, Linux, and Raspberry Pi... and as a remote control Plexamp on my phone would just be asking the other device to directly play it. But then how to get from the software to the amp with fewest interfaces screwing with things?
Going wholly Plex only requires a small cheap computer as literally no streamer supports Plex natively, it's very lightweight software and would be the only thing running on the PC.
Downsides of this: I lose Cast altogether, and with that Spotify Connect which is occasionally useful when people are over and want to play their playlist, etc.
But... this is where I think adding in the RME ADI-2 Pro FS is good... because the PC (Plex) could connect via the USB and the USB becomes the sound card for the PC and it does 100% of the work. The DACs are incredible (I mean, they — there are two of them — are recording studio DACs and each supports 32-bit and 768Khz which is all kinds of daft, they're very capable).
I can still add the Chromecast into the Toslink input to retain Cast and Spotify in this setup, and could go further and add a turntable to the analog inputs so that I can also convert vinyl to FLAC in this same setup.
So that's what I'm trying to achieve — remove the weakest link for the local music collection — and why I've largely settled on buying a studio AD/DA converter and then putting a small PC next to it.
You have a hoard of Pi 4's! Smuggle those out and sell them!
But if you have anything going spare, do say.