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not clear what they actually are
MIL-STD-810G according to
https://psref.lenovo.com/syspool/Sys/PDF/ThinkPad/ThinkPad_X280/ThinkPad_X280_Spec.PDFMy work phone claims the same, main thing relevant to home gamers is ingress protection and drop testing, which IIRC is 1.2m drop onto 12mm ply backed by concrete, or 1.5m with the stock protective case.
As with so-called "aerospace grade" materials in bike parts, the claims are indicative of some things but not all the things the marketing department wants you to associate with those terms 🙂
Those x280s claim to be designed to some mil spec durability requirements (although not clear what they actually are). Mine has coped well with being manhandled by a 2 year old.