From what I understand, all the 3rd party manufacturers designed their cooling based on the fact that the 4090 would be using Samsung's 8nm chips and would require 600W worth of heat to be dealt with.
Presumably somewhat late in the day, Nvidia switched to TSMC 4nm which 'only' needs 450W (same as 3090Ti) meaning they're all completely over-engineered. They can use 600W (either factory OC or dicked around with by the user) but it's not necessary.
From what I understand, all the 3rd party manufacturers designed their cooling based on the fact that the 4090 would be using Samsung's 8nm chips and would require 600W worth of heat to be dealt with.
Presumably somewhat late in the day, Nvidia switched to TSMC 4nm which 'only' needs 450W (same as 3090Ti) meaning they're all completely over-engineered. They can use 600W (either factory OC or dicked around with by the user) but it's not necessary.