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It might be fine. As hippy's pointed out there's a lot of circuitry in the Shimano chargers which evidently aren't in that cable. However, the Shimano chargers for the internal batteries serve a dual purpose in that not only do they charge the system they also provide an interface between the Di2 system and the eTube PC software. It may be that the AliEx cable is perfectly sufficient for charging, but just lacks the interface components.
On the other hand, it might destroy your Di2 components and then burn your house down. Only one way to find out...
What's the functional difference between a standard SM-BCR2 internal battery charger for £70-£80, or THIS on Aliexpress for £20?
Am I risking the life of my wife and kids in a house sized firey death by using this for a couple of hours every 6 months?