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Isn't the cog at which you start the adjustment the one that is considered to be the fifth by the deraileur (don't have my bike at hand to test it out unfortunately)? In which case that could solve @frank9755's problem, because he seems to have an offset of one cog but fine shifting otherwise.
Your experience seem to indicate otherwise, but then I'm wondering how Shim hardcodes the position of the fifth sprocket among all available cassettes. I guess the distance between the hanger and the n-th cog of the cassette doesn't vary much amongst cassettes, if at all, but then I'd have let the user define the reference themselves.
Veblen-
You can only move the RD x clicks left of any cog and x clicks right of any cog. So the cog you start the adjustment doesn't really matter if you've got to max adjustment and it still won't get the next gear because the RD is bent.
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No, it doesn't take into account where you start from. Shimano knows best and there's no way to override it!
hippy
frank9755
If the RD is bent such that even at full trim to the right it still can't get the next cog, I don't think it matters where you start the adjustment. I think I said up thread I've never bothered to choose the start cog specifically and it has always worked. I think the issue is the RD or the cage is bent too far inwards, even at full trim (although I didn't check that).