-
Although the employers were agencies, not government.
I'd argue that the govt were the ultimate employer (using their own ir35 argument..). There's plenty of anecdotal evidence to suggest that a lot of people were pushed into these arrangements, with that push starting from the end client.
Don't get me wrong - there's certainly a level of naivety involved, but it's going to be tough for someone that has otherwise never had to concern themselves with how or what tax is paid, to suddenly make choices about their tax affairs, given they are being presented with a great option that has been approved, no less, by tax lawyers and accountants.
Yes, you have to be pretty naïve to not smell a rat when you are told you're being paid by being loaned money that you never need to repay, and so no tax is due. Although the employers were agencies, not government.