• Can anybody tests differentiate between covid developed antibodies and vaccine developed antibodies? Anyone know of a paper on this?

  • Yes, an Anti-N test will only test positive if you have natural immunity because they look for nucleocapsid molecules.

    Anti-S tests look for spike proteins. Covid vaccinations are based on the spike protein so they can't tell the difference between natural infection and vaccination.

    Source (not a paper, but very credible and I don't think you need a paper):
    https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/antibody-tests-explained

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