It looks to me as if our floorboards have had some rather hideous orangey stain/treatment at some point. Presumably this will sand off?
It will. It looks like its failing so it should come off fairly easily, but there is a risk that it will gum up the sanding paper. If so you can strip it with paint stripper and a scraper. Horrible job though.
The floorboards look a bit ropey to me compared to some of the examples I can find but I assume it's still reasonable wood, can anyone see any reason not to sand them back?
It will. It looks like its failing so it should come off fairly easily, but there is a risk that it will gum up the sanding paper. If so you can strip it with paint stripper and a scraper. Horrible job though.
Plan to re-fill the gaps when you finish them.