-
They're the smaller yellow cameras over the lanes or off to the side of the road on a yellow gantry, multiple cameras as it is one per lane. With smart motorways they're generally adding them to the back of the overhead gantries, so you don't even see them.
It's all done with the help of ANPR. So they know when your car passed one set of cameras and when they passed another set and how far they are apart.
This link has photos: https://www.carbuyer.co.uk/tips-and-advice/160228/average-speed-cameras-how-do-they-work
-
Someone asked the Met an FoI question in 2019 about the cameras on the M4 J1-3. They had issued 30,000 tickets in 2 years.
Average speed cameras May 2017 to May 2019 Offence speed Totals
Junction 3 to 1 W/B - (first NIP shown August 2017) 40mph 15146
Junction 3 to 1 E/B - (first NIP shown August 2017) 40mph 8374
Junction 3 to 1 E/B - (first NIP shown July 2017) 60mph 7071
Are average speed checks on motorways bogus? I haven’t been able to see anything set up to measure entry and exit.