• The symmetrical aerofoil produces no lift at neutral AoA, but it produces lift in the same way as the cambered one does at a positive AoA. It’s not about air molecules smashing into the lower surface (just use a flat plate in that case), it’s lift due to pressure differential.

  • just use a flat plate

    Even tilting a barn door creates lift by raising pressure on one side and lowering it on the other 🙂


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  • Well, yes. But the Typhoon’s foreplane isn’t a flat plate because it wouldn’t be terribly efficient, and it also doesn’t produce lift due to a ‘reaction to the air hitting it at an angle’ as stated above. Nor do control surfaces generally.

  • That’s a crude example. Actual lift is generated by increasing the speed of the airflow over the upper surface in relation to the lower surface, usually by increasing the chord so that the distance travelled by the airflow over the upper surface is greater than the lower surface, which increases the speed of the upper airflow, thus deceasing the pressure a la Bernoulli’s Principle, and off you go.

    Anyway, a canard is a lifting surface.

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