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So do you think we'd still need to put some kind of double/folding door into that large opening and to the kitchen to comply or would having all the smoke alarms be enough?
Any habitable room opening onto the protected fire route (corridor/staircase) will need to be FD20 rated. That includes your kitchen and reception room double doors/large opening, it also includes bedrooms on the upper floors.
An alternative to the above is a sprinkler/mist system throughout.
A smoke alarm is needed regardless of the above.
_Edit: The above is for works to an existing 2-storey building (ie: typical Victorian housing stock) where you are looking to do a dormer extension. Different buildings including taller buildings, new-builds, flats in larger houses etc all have different regs.
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I have a somewhat similar layout in terms of kitchen and I didn't require a door between the kitchen and hallway. There had to be a hard wired, connected heat sensing alarm in the kitchen. However, I think the rules change if you add a loft conversion (due to the height).
Some reading here https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/937931/ADB_Vol1_Dwellings_2019_edition_inc_2020_amendments.pdf
It is likely that the walls to the staircase and means of escape will meet the required rating. Likewise, doors to comply with Building Regs will only need to be 20min rated - pretty much any unglazed door will achieve that.
Typically sprinklers are used where people have opened up the ground floor plan and don't want to reintroduce the removed walls. Your plan is much easier to make comply.