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I think I've confused you a bit when I said retaining wall, the area is actually flat, probably an average of 100mm down from the finished patio/path level. (Path at the side there yet to be excavated). I was originally thinking a small wall to separate the sub base and flower beds, but if I go with your suggestion of a concrete base, then I can do away with that and the base needs to end up above the current (excavated) level by about 50mm.
I can probably work something out by either digging slightly deeper and/or using some kind of bendy shuttering staked in to place.
All slightly moot as I don't have a cement mixer or any time currently!
150mm will be about right, 100mm concrete, 25mm mortar, 25mm stone. I would normally mark out the circle plus 100mm, using a peg in the centre and a bit of string line. Unless the slope is quite severe I would use the surrounding soil as shuttering, otherwise old blocks or bricks on the downhill side which can be knocked away the morning after concreting. Use soil left over from the dig to profile the surround up to any exposed stone as necessary.
I'm in Sussex, so you'd need a spare bedroom!