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The influence would have begun in the Meiji period, absolutely, I'd love to understand how and when it seeped into the Japanese graphic / visual vernacular though. I always assumed it would have been in the 20th century (or late 19th maybe) and that the latin alphabet would have been barely visible in Japan much before that. I'm guessing there was a visual element to the various cultural programmes that were conducted to warm Japan up to the idea of collaborating with Germany post-WW1, I ought to actually get off my arse and research this.
I saw a bar in Tokyo that used katakana for its logo but written with blackletter pen strokes… pretty wild as typography goes.
Is it really very much to do with the WW2 period? Would have thought it would be a Meiji thing imported by Prussians. Didn't get the impression the Axis powers did much cultural exchange TBH; by that point the Japanese had little need for much from Germany, except possibly an inline liquid cooled super-charged aviation engine.