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I think if there's a decent amount of virus in the sample the false negative rate is pretty low. But that assumes the sample was taken correctly, at the right time in the virus life cycle, you didn't wee on the swab instead of sticking up your nose, etc.
I'd view 4 out of 5 working out as being pretty optimistic tbh.
(I was quite surprised the text I got from the NHS said "You tested negative. Get back to work." with zero caveats)
I'm a school governor, and we've just had some guidance come through from the council: if someone has the 'classic symptoms' of Covid (high temp, continuous cough, lack of smell), they should self-isolate for 10 days (and household for 14 days), even if they get a negative test result. Their rationale seems to be that there is a 1 in 5 chance you're still positive even if the test comes back negative. I thought the false negative rate was much lower than that? Or is this one of those counter-intuitive Bayesian result things?