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The door does stick a fair bit after periods of heavy rain. When I stripped it and re-painted a couple of years ago, the bottom of that side of the frame had completely rotted. I used a wire brush to get rid of the loose material, then fixed it and built it up back to a door shape with epoxy filler. Clearly only a temporary fix. The door and fame are massively exposed to the elements, and we have a flat roof above it that drains off in that area, which is the root cause of the issue. I had to do a similar bodge on the bottom of the panels covering the frames and the sill (see before and after photos from last time) although I did let in some new pieces rather than use filler for everything. The sill has now completely rotted again. It sits directly on top of the flagstones with no membrane underneath it. It needs to be completely replaced to be honest.
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Sharkstar
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Clearly only a temporary fix.
This should have lasted longer, looks like you did a pretty decent job. This leads me to believe that the problems you are having with the frame and door are a symptom of a bigger issue.
we have a flat roof above it that drains off in that area, which is the root cause of the issue
When you say draining off; how exactly?
Is there guttering? If so can the downpipe be diverted to somewhere else (preferably another downpipe that drains into a soak away).
Without seeing the rest of the building it looks to me like the flagstones are a later addition. Given the age of the door and surrounding frame I'd expect to see some kind of quarried stone step leading up to it, slightly below the level of the threshold. By having the step below the threshold it protects the door and frame from sitting water. If you have a level put it on the flagstones, ideally it should fall away from the door with a very gentle slope, looking at the level the bubble should be "kissing" the line closest to the door, also use the edge of the level to check for hollows in the step (although if there are any you will most likely be aware of them already as puddles will form there). If the flagstones fall into the door they will need to be replaced.
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Looking at your photos it seems that you had a problem with the paint on the new wood. It's possible that it needed sanding before priming or it was just a bit damp and you didn't use a breathable paint system. It's a common problem with new carpentry, the paintwork lets it down way too quickly. Any signs of bubbling or cracked paint you should be stripping it and repainting that summer season.
Bobbo is right about the joints. Its common to rout those freehand with a die grinder and specific bit, it's all part of the deeper expenses in the Repaircare system.
I wouldn't attempt to change the panel professionally unless it had rotted a lot more than your current one. You can rebuild that entire beading and bottom edge of the panel in repair care and it will last a long time if it's well painted.
From a best practice point of view I would agree the panel could be replaced. At that point I'd probably be thinking about making an entire new door from scratch though, maybe working out some insulation for the panels. I did that for a door in a damp corner 7 years ago and it's still looking fresh. A lot of that is due to the paintwork though.
Overall that area looks a bit damp. You might want a metal cap on your door step anyway, any kind of wood gets worn by feet on it. I used to go to a brass shop with a template of the profile and they would bend it for me. It would at least stop the paint wearing off and the wood being exposed.
When it comes to exterior paint it's worth checking out Zinsser All Coat. You can get it gloss or matt in any colour but the best for exterior is white gloss. It's so easy to use but it drys very hard and stays white and glossy. You could coat the doorstep twice a year with it and it would help. It's also moisture vapour permeable.
Bobbo
Airhead
Everything that airhead says is good advice but I'd be concerned that you may have a couple more issues than just the panel.
In the photo below I have highlighted, in red, what looks to be rot at the bottom of the door where the rail and style meet. Also highlighted in blue is some bubbling of paint along this joint (this could be natural movement but given the rot at the bottom it could be spreading) as well as the swollen area highlighted in purple it all paints a worrying picture that the tenon that holds that corner of the door together could be rotting or worse.
Out of curiosity has the door started to stick recently? The margin at the bottom looks very tight, this CAN be an issue as water that gets past the rebate at the base of the frame can sit against the door and "wick" up it causing all sorts of issues. These issues can be fixed but it's a delicate "surgery". The best way to find out is to put a mirror on the floor under the door when it's open and to check for signs of rot. If you see anything give it a poke to see how soft it is. Also check the end of the tenon to see if that's spongy.
As far as the panel goes I'd be tempted to replace it. There will already be rot along the bottom edge of it that could well have penetrated up the panel and may cause issues with the rail on the bottom. By putting timbabuild or repair care on it you are dealing in moisture when it needs to dry! Replacing the panel will not be easy but it is doable.