• It is pretty hard to compare countries.

    Areas with lots of people close together (cities such as London/countries such as Netherlands/Belgium) and care homes do worse, that will skew your rate. Even within the UK it varies a lot with some cities being badly hit.

    NI is not densely populated and even the more deprived areas tend to have green space nearby with few large flat blocks, reducing density. That helps up here, the overall R is 0.8-0.9 with Belfast, of course, being worst hit.

    You can look at:

    Covid deaths per one million with age breakdown
    Excess deaths compared to "normal" rates with age breakdown
    Survival rate of covid cases in hospital (Germany does strangely well)
    People actually being taking into hospital rather than being left to die at home/in care homes

    And more subjective metrics such as:
    Perceived honesty (GB has just 16% in care homes? NI has 30-40%...that is a big difference)
    How well a country prepared (GB, not very well)
    Testing rates (more testing is better, but not all testing is very effective perse, it needs some intelligence behind it if you can't test everyone and you cannot)

    etc.

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