• The beacons (physical VOR/DME sites) are actually the same as they always were - in this area those are Ottringham (OTR), Trent (TNT), Manchester (MCT), Pole Hill (POL), Wallasey (WAL), as well as Gamston (GAM) which isn’t shown on upper airspace charts. B1/UB1 used to run west from Ottringham to Wallasey.

    What has changed are many of the Reporting Points, the five letter name codes that dominate the chart. These are defined either as a radial and distance from a VOR/DME beacon, or increasingly as a GNSS point.

    With GNSS taking over from ground-based navigation infrastructure, the old VOR/DME beacons are gradually being decommissioned, there will be very few of them left in 10 years time.

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