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Imo a canister is needed. I can seat some of my tyres with a pump only, but the canister for the rest.
The schwable one is £30 and worth it.The other option is using a Schrader to presta adapter and then using a compressor, at a mechanic garage.
Road tyres are harder to repair. MTB you can stitch up. With road you could glue a large rubber patch to the inside (having cleaned tubeless residue off), then when that has gone off, stick a load of rubber glue in the gash from the outside.
Do not have any of the above. Tbh the gash I that wouldn't seal was so big that it probably required a replacement tyre anyway...