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Yes and no etc.
Fuel filter was first call, been changed every year with teh right one (made by Bosch/Hengst/Mann), there are two variants, one for the older CDI2 engines and this one is a CDI3 (has an electric lift pump in tank which CDI2 doesn't have). Blew lines through forwards and backwards, none are leaking but they may be letting in air on the feed line (fuel is sort of under vacuum, sort of static because of the lift pump). New filter took off and can blow through it super easy (yuk lol) as was worried maybe something is floating around inside the feed line.
Fuel drain, yeah only a few weeks ago though, had just been adding 5 litres at a time until it worked. Took it all out, let it sit in 20 litre jugs then skimmed off the good stuff at the top. For 30 litres it only had around 1.5 litres of water/disgusting globby stuff which I was impressed with, assume it must have been done in the past as a car with 170k/15 years should probably have more than that.
Haven't put 2s in it yet, do that for the volvo (bosch vp33) and it helped before it got rebuilt (was doing weird things), might be worth a shot to see if it helps pump just make a bit longer?
Do the rebuild myself, its a bosch OP1 (?) pump, see them on loads of diesels that age, all the washers/o rings/clips inside are only £20 for a bosch kit, obviously won't fix mechanical wear but I assume whats happening is the relief valve is failing, or rather the o ring that seals its housing is failing (allowing full high pressure diesel to escape past into the leak off side and escape back to the tank somehow fighting the low pressure pump thats also trying to do the same thing).
Thermostat I guess all the pattern companies copied the same problem! I think its as simple as the shaft on the stat itself corrodes and the tolerance is so fine that it stops the spring being able to shut the valve fully. A stat with a sloppier fit might actually continue working longer. Its had a continuous coolant leak for around 8 years by look of history, the EGR cooler has a really small split in it (changed yesterday, wish I'd spotted it when I had the inlet manifold off as it would have been a 3 minute job!) so they've probably been topping up with water = internal stuff is corroding faster than it should.Will try some 2s oil in it when new thermostat housing turns up. Then rebuild pump with bosch seal kit, if that doesn't work, fire, lots and lots of fire.
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BrickMan
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Now I don't know the exact system but the diagnostic are similar. Stupid questions first -What is the fuel filter brand and condition, Ford Diesels seem to like ford or bosch filters, over other brands for some reason causing similar symptoms of drawing air. Have you tried adding a little 2 stroke oil to the fuel, pumps are still lubricated by the fuel, and modern fuel isn't so lubricating, so a little extra lubrication can help a pump live longer. Or at least confirm on of the pumps. Are the pumps rebuildable. Are you rebuilding or a garage, as that can decided on the cost efficiency. Really stupid question have you tried draining the fuel system and refilling with 15 or 20l of fresh fuel?
The injectors have had a leak off test so if the lines are suspected a vacuum or pressure test find the particular line, but as you say it could be a small issue on all of them.
Then the thermostat thing is odd, especially over the different brands too.