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Approach it with regards to your contractors? I'd let them know nicely that you are less than impressed with the standard of their work so far and that you expect them to buck their ideas up moving forward. You're right about the damage being done there is very little that can be done to make good now short of rebuilding the wall. Make sure that the pointing is top notch if they do a really good job then the wall may yet look good. If they do the same standard job as they did with the raking out it will look shit. Ask the contractor what type of pointing they are doing check with this guide:
Any from the left hand side are good.
They look like standard extruded engineering bricks from your photo. If so there is virtually no risk of frost damage as they are pretty much impervious to water penetration. Even if they aren't frost damage requires more than a couple of freeze/thaw cycles to set in. It would however be a good idea to keep them covered if possible (again assuming they're not engineering bricks) to prevent water getting trapped behind the new pointing.
Not sure what to tell you really.
Its not a good job, they've clearly just tried to get it done as quickly as possible and either not paid attention or not cared. Looks like they've used an angle grinder when an arbour saw would have been more appropriate.