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Dowel + Minifix or Rafix are very strong. It's they type of joint you see on a lot of commercial furniture. There are lots of machine options to add these fixings to panels but that's a different type of woodworking.
If you use dowels and glue joints it's usually very strong too. But you need to clamp up large panels for the glue to be effective. I prefer the 'knock down' approach as it makes the furniture easier to move which means it's still useful even if the clients needs change.
I've come across Dominos before but I'm trying to keep 'hand' machining to a minimum. But mainly I don't have a fancy Domino machine.
I had concerns that dowel and butt joints would be strong enough, but considering that the back panel is bracing against shear force, they're probably unfounded.