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I use the domino system from Festool with Rafix from Hafele to hold it together. Doesn't work quite as well with ply but still works. I only make one off custom though so no prototyping.
You could have the cnc cut small blind mortice and use loose tenons which is basically what the domino system is. Or go Ikea style and use dowels.
As far as supporting weight is concerned you'll need to look at your spans but guessing that is under 1.8m wide you should be ok with 18mm weight bearing surfaces.
Any cabinet makers on here able to suggest how best to go about constructing this without loads of screws showing? Prototype will be made of MDF, final one PLY and Valchromat. machined on a CNC router. It'll be supporting quite a large weight.
I'm thinking of designing a sub-frame to screw in to the panels from the inside and also give the doors a lip to close onto.