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Northern Ireland has jaywalking laws.
I've never seen them enforced however. The local police in Belfast has been doing Light Checks (unlit cyclists), overtaking checks (1.5 meter and no less). They take any cyclist complaints serious as well.
Pedestrians here are as inattentive in the city centre as can be though, it is not so busy that it becomes impossible to drive/cycle but they do happily step out in front of you. All you can do is slow down.
The local government is doing campaigns (respect everyone's journey) to ask people to light up, wear hi-vis when running, give lots of room overtaking, not speed...
Not only that, but the absence of such laws means the concept doesn't actually exist in Britain. :) This is a very good thing, a much-underrated freedom.
I don't agree. The vast majority of the time, it isn't even the slightest problem--if you know what you're doing. This present case is a vanishingly rare edge case. If there's some conflict, as a cyclist you can always initiate a police standoff--a friendly 'after you' will usually cause the other party to give up their resistance to your politeness. :)
There is no reason for having an airhorn on a bike whatsoever. Not justifiable. You shouldn't even need a bell. If you need to say something to someone, use your voice. There are only very few people with an impairment that prevents them from doing so.
The order is wrong. It should be: (1) insure (a basic sensible move, just become a member of a cycling organisation--the problem is that it's really aimed at middle-class people and many people on tight incomes can't afford it); (2) educate (consider cycle training, etc.); (3) improve infrastructure (although that really has no bearing on the present case). Obviously, 'lawyer up' is only in the event of a crash, so doesn't belong in this list.