Check the sprocket capacity of both of those. Cage length doesn't change how big of a cog it can fit under (on its own)
Aren't capacity and cage length the same thing? Since cage length determines capacity.
Anyhow, @Netakure most short or medium cages have enough capacity (usually around 35tooth) for a big cassette like an 11-42, since the capacity is the difference between your smallest and biggest gear in a 1x setup. 42-11=31 So you'll need a derailleur with a 31+ capacity for an 11-42 cassette.
The next thing you have to look out for is the max sprocket size clearance, on most short and medium derailleurs that will be somewhere between 28 and 36. But like @PhilDAS and @maynardeames show, you can increase the clearance with an extender.
I kind of understand it. But in the end cannot do what I want, having a wheelset with 30t and another with 40t and swapping without much fiddle.
I'll keep my long cage and maybe I'll change to middle for cross season
I don't know if you're going the Shimano or SRAM route, but you can probably go for a short or medium cage derailleur in a 1x11 (or 12) setup and just pop in the derailleur hanger extender when you change wheels. It's only 2 bolts :)
BTW: A long cage will work fine with a 30t cassette.
Aren't capacity and cage length the same thing? Since cage length determines capacity.
Anyhow, @Netakure most short or medium cages have enough capacity (usually around 35tooth) for a big cassette like an 11-42, since the capacity is the difference between your smallest and biggest gear in a 1x setup. 42-11=31 So you'll need a derailleur with a 31+ capacity for an 11-42 cassette.
The next thing you have to look out for is the max sprocket size clearance, on most short and medium derailleurs that will be somewhere between 28 and 36. But like @PhilDAS and @maynardeames show, you can increase the clearance with an extender.
Hope it helps.