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That's cool. I remember reading about something like that once, although I don't fully understand it + it was a while ago so I might be mis-remembering:
They used machine learning to design circuit boards to make them more efficient. One of them had a random circuit on it that was totally unconnected to anything else but if they removed it the whole board stopped working. Took them a while to figure out why it was there but it ended up being something like this circuit generated a specific amount of interference or impedance or something that it made other parts of the circuit work in an unexpected way.
Edit: It might be the Logic Gate entry on that list.
A list of instances where Machine Learning systems found ways to game the systems created by their designers. Fail for the researchers, who didn't think hard enough about the implications of the rewards they set. Win for the AIs. #singularity
The Oscillator solution is particularly clever/scary.